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美国的行业保护浅析

记得十几年前,在homedepot或lowes 做rekey很容易很方便,后来就发现他们除了本店买的新锁外,不给做了,原因是法律不允许了。仔细询问探究,发现是行业协会在背后鼓捣的结果。

美国各个大型连锁店不断发展壮大的结果,就是许多传统小作坊式的行业象割韭菜一样的被一片片斩首,从市场消失。大型连锁店包罗万象,全方位侵蚀,传统的行业协会在节节败退之时,有时也可见到一些可圈可点的绝地反击,为自己在夹缝中留下一片生存的天空。

安全性就是一个最好和最常见的理由。上诉所说的门锁一类的行业协会就是以此为由雇佣华盛顿的lobby说客,立法限制rekey,成功的从大型hardware连锁店虎口夺食。

作为消费者,我切身的体会是不方便,homedepot和lowes一般都营业到晚9点以后,而顾客聊聊的locksmith类的芝麻小店,往往5,6点 钟就关门下班了。好在买一把新锁也就8块多钱,虽然买了套rekey工具偶尔自己动手玩玩,大多数时候都是仍掉旧的换新的,既不环保还要背负喜新厌旧的骂 名。另外去locksmith店rekey,你会发现其实和原来在homedepot,lowes做法也没啥两样,就算要查身份证件,这谁都可以查啊。我 没看出增加了什么安全性。

许多工作大家都感到自己做的不如专业人员作的好,其实都是出于同样的原因。

pest control是另一个例子。 专业人员用的药毒性更强,而你在大型连锁店买到的药的毒性都受到了严格的限制。十年前我发现有一种棕色的胶质类杀蟑螂的药很好用,每次都能杀的比较彻底, 十刀一支。最近两年我再去买,发现同样的管里装的是透明的胶质,只须8,9刀一支,效果不佳。我猜这又是行业协会的功劳,对连锁店售卖的药有了更进一步严 格的要求。

还有很多其他的例子,比如地毯清洗液等。

好在这样的限制总是有空子可钻,有办法绕开的。这样的立法总是假设顾客没有任何经验和常识,傻瓜顾客可能把蟑螂药给小孩当甜点吃,把地毯洗涤液给小孩当可 乐喝等。实际上对于很多简单的劳动,业余和职业的差别就在于一两个小时的培训,或者稍微handy点的人凭直觉完全可以自学成才。 所以如果你能想到去local的supply 店去买,或去网上买,这说明你不是傻瓜,于是他们就不限制你了。

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