Brain Dumps

Image by :  Penguin , Boot . Modified by Opensource.com. CC BY-SA 4.0 . x Get the newsletter Join the 85,000 open source advocates who receive our giveaway alerts and article roundups. Understanding the Linux boot and startup processes is important to being able to both configure Linux and to resolving startup issues. This article presents an overview of the bootup sequence using the GRUB2 bootloader and the startup sequence as performed by the systemd initialization system . In reality, there are two sequences of events that are required to boot a Linux computer and make it usable: boot and startup . The boot sequence starts when the computer is turned on, and is completed when the kernel is initialized and systemd is launched. The startup process then takes over and finishes the task of getting the Linux computer into an operational state. Overall

ls -l is a relatively simple and straightforward command. But what actually takes place behind the screen will get you to appreciate how little work is required from you to acquire the output you desire. ls is a shell command that lists files and directories within a directory. With the -l option, ls will list out files and directories in long list format. You will encounter something like this: Displaying file type, permissions, owner, size, date of creation, and file name. To understand how shell interpret a user’s input, it helps to get a basic understanding of how an operating system is organized. An operating system can be broken down into 3 main chunks: Hardware holds the main memory, controls the CPU, disks, network interfaces, etc. Following hardware is kernel , which is the core of the operating system. It acts as an interface between hardware and any running program. User interface sits in the user process level. This is what you see on your scree

（综合报导）根据派思谘询（Apex Recruiter）2015 年统计，《Fortune》公佈的美国 500大企业中，有75位外籍执行长（CEO，Chief Executive Officer），其中10位执行 长是印度裔，超过英国的9人，中国甚至无人上榜。 人才管理顾问公司亿康先达（Egon Zehnder）统计，标准普尔500指数（Standard &   Poor's 500）的500间上市公司中，印度裔的执行长数量高居第二，仅次于美国。 进一步检视，这些印度裔执行长所属企业，囊括科技、软体、金融、消费产业的领头羊 ，例如微软（Microsoft）执行长萨蒂亚．纳德拉（Satya Nadella）、Google 执行长 桑德尔．皮查（Sundar Pichai）、万事达卡（Mastercard）执行长安杰．班加（Ajay   Banga）、百事公司（PepsiCo）董事长卢英德（Indra Nooyi）。 不仅如此，印度人在美国大企业的管理层以及创业比例，也不断攀升。例如Google的13 位高阶主管，有4名印度裔；哈佛商业评论（Harvard Business Review）2014年指出， 虽然印度裔佔美国人口数仅1%，但他们领导硅谷（Silicon Valley）科技公司的比例， 已超过25%。 技术与管理能力并重，MBA学历已是竞争基础 爲什麽印度「盛产」高阶主管？早在2011年，《Time》杂志就撰写专文〈印度的主要出 口：CEO〉（India's Leading Export：CEOs），探究大型跨国企业，爲何偏爱聘用印 度管理者。 第一个关键在于，1947年印度独立后，政府把「发展管理能力」视爲振兴印度的重要议 题。1961年，他们开始建立菁英教育学院，2007年成立印度管理学院（IIM，Indian   Institutes of Management），提供工商管理、企业管理等课程，如今共有7个校区， 万事达卡执行长、百事公司董事长皆爲具代表性的校友。 同时，拥有13亿人口的印度竞争激烈，IIM 每年的报考人数有 30 万名考生，从中仅录 取约 2000 名学生。在印度人眼中，考上 IIM，比进入哈佛大学、麻省理工学院还值得。 更重要的是，印度还把工商管理硕士（Master of Business Administ