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美国“汽车城”底特律宣告破产】


当地时间12月3日上午,美国联邦破产法官罗兹做出裁决:底特律市符合联邦破产法第
9章的相关规定,符合申请破产保护的资格。

举世闻名的美国“汽车之城”底特律如今风光不再,不仅跃居全美“最悲惨城市”排行
榜榜首,还欠下180多亿美元的长期债务和数十亿美元的短期债务,使底特律的破产成
为美国史上规模最大的城市破产案。

自1970年以来,有工作的居民暴跌53%。过去五年,房地产税收也减少19.7%。尽管底市
居民的所得很低,底市每位居民的平均税务负担是密西根州最重的。计入通膨因素后,
底城房地产评估总值50年来暴跌77%。底城应支付的退休福利有35亿元,但目前没钱支
付这些福利。此外,底市应负担的健保费用为57亿元,但该市缺乏此经费。市政府资金
濒临枯竭,几乎无法负担政府雇员薪资及医保和养老支出;大量借贷使这个城市背上了
越来越沉重的债务负担,居民生活因此受到严重影响。

最令市民担心的是,底市犯罪率高居全国之冠,其犯罪率为全国平均的五倍。底市命案
发生率已达40年来的最高峰,过去20年来,底特律为全国最危险的都市。

事实上,底特律从象征工业繁荣的美国第5大城市退居到第18位,其“衰亡”之路已经
走了数十年。今日,底特律人口仅约71万,而60年前人口将近200万,但民权运动引发
的种族紧张和1967年的暴动,加剧白人和中产阶级外移,企业随后跟进,进一步缩减税
基。由于税收减少,市府不得已缩减服务,促使更多人离开。。。

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