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标  题: 通俗的讲讲美元回流

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标  题: 通俗的讲讲美元回流
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sat Jan 16 19:20:51 2016, 美东)

通俗的讲讲啥是回流,啥是剪羊毛。美国BOA有100块钱的存款,这100块可以借给美国
人A(利息很低,比如,0.5%),也可以借给在中国的美国人B(利息稍高,比如,1%)
,钱就往中国跑,美国人B把100块美元在中国换成620块人民币,存在工商银行利息,
利息3%,假设人民币汇率暂时不变(人民币其实是升值的)。中国拿到100块美元,去
买了100块美国国债,利息基本为零。过段时间,美国利息涨了,比如,涨到0.75%,市
面上流通的美元就会减少,不出意外的话,人民币就会贬值,比如,可能贬值3%,这时
候,美国人B的620块,变成了620x1.03=638元RMB了,如果贬值>2%,就没得赚了,赶紧
换美元走人,假设汇率还没变,638元RMB还103块美元,中国赶紧把国债卖了,拿到100
块美元,还缺3块啊?刚好出口美国有顺差,拿3块来补上。美国人B拿到103美元,存回
BOA,BOA的账户变成103块美元存款了。

其中的细节就不讲了,自己看书吧,学点经济和金融的基本常识就有了。热钱在新兴市
场的回报,即便算上逃离时的贬值,也远远大于上述的银行利息。这些都是以decade为
周期的,08-09年给了美国绝好的机会向新兴市场国家pump美元,现在是收获的时刻了
。只要美元还是主导货币,新兴市场被搞是逃不掉的,屡试不爽。

美元回流后,一部分会购买国债,一部分会进入其他领域,即便FED再紧缩,在美国的
资金由于回流还是稳定的。把整个世界想象成一个大的美元市场,美元在宽松的时候,
其实是宽松到新兴市场,美元在紧缩的时候也是在紧缩新兴市场,美国自己短期会受一
定程度影响,但最终是受惠的。

结果是啥?就是新兴市场的外储下降,外国持有的美国国债,变成了美国(跨国公司)
自己持有的美债,而这些新兴市场国家的外储/美债(除去热钱),其实就是打工仔的
血汗钱。我曾经试图找过数据,以验证我的说法,能找到的比较典型的就是97年亚洲金
融危机时候,东南亚各国个外储血汗钱,成为美国及其代理人自己的国债。看看这一次
中国能损失多少。
还有一个指标就是FED的balance sheet,FED终究是要把MBS卖掉的,没有新兴国家带来
的回流,卖给谁?

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