"From the outside, inwards" is the simplest way to remember it.
Power everything off first, then start nearest the 'outside world' & work in towards your computer.
Give everything 2 minutes before powering up the next item. That gives everything time to establish itself & its relationship to the devices further out, which will be supplying necessary information.
Over-simplified explanation...
The modem* needs to establish connectivity to your ISP.
The router* needs to establish connectivity with the modem, get its IP address from your ISP etc.
Any switches/hubs/WiFi* access points have somewhere to find their info for the next step.
Your computer needs access to some/all the above to establish its IP
address using DHCP, & discover its route to the internet.
*If they are in a single box, they are designed to know which order to do these tasks in.
As you say, after a power outage these things usually manage to figure it out for themselves - but not always & this way is much more certain.
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