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标 题: Re: 人工智能就是个屁

发信人: gtrr35 (GTR-R35), 信区: Military
标  题: Re: 人工智能就是个屁
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Thu Aug 21 15:13:50 2014, 美东)

没有必要望文生义地认为现阶段的人工智能就真的是想模拟高级生物比如人的智能。就
当成是“夫妻肺片”这样的概念理解就行了。人工智能只是个学术界忽悠出来用以骗经
费的概念而已。顶多相信后面俩字“智能”就行了,跟“人工”实在没关系。其实还是
machine learning这个词比较贴切,就是让silicon machine具有一定学习的能力,做
自动的决策。

另外搞生物的也有误解,认为人工智能是去试图模拟人脑的智能。从现阶段人脑的工作
模式从生物上都没搞清楚来攻击,这也是没必要。还是那句话,跟人工无关,只是利用
现有的计算条件,做一些简单的学习模型和预测。你们去搜一搜,AI的一个经典定义是
这样的:The use of computers to solve problems that previously could only be
solved by applying human intelligence. 按照这个定义,连qq的棋牌室都算,因为
先前只有人才会下棋。另外一个定义则比较接近现在的机器学习:The use of a
specific set of programming techniques known as heuristic or rule-based
programming.

物理学界有个简单的共识,你只能问what和how,不要问why,因为这会跑到神学和玄学
的辩论中去。问what的原因是一个简单的事实,就是结构决定性质。任何物质所表现出
来的性质(how)都是其本性(what)决定的。反过来就不成立。单个的(或者非全集的
)性质相同的并不一定是相同的物质。说得fancy一点,性质是个N维的空间,N可以是
有限的,也有可能是无限的。任何在m 工智能上,连what的问题都不要问了,因为显然这是俩完全不同的东西。需要问的只是
某些方面的how,也就是某些维度的性质空间的投影。所以要争论人工智能是否“模拟
”了人脑,首先你们得找出个想要比较的性质空间维度的集合,然后一个一个地去对比
吧。

最后根据我自己的有限的对于现阶段所谓人工智能的了解,谈谈跟人的智能的差别。

1. 人有主动学习的能力。现阶段的人工智能是不是只能被动的学。人可以决定什么时
候学,学习什么,人工智能只能按照程序预先设定的框架去学;

2. 机器学习的模型是预先给定的。是neural network,还是svm,decision tree,或
者各种clustering,都是预先设定好的,包括在模型里面具体的某个环节,比如神经网
络,是线性的还是非线性,非线性到底是什么形式的非线性,都是事先定好了的。所谓
的学习,只是定出了模型里面的参数的数值,或者是deductive关系如果是无参数的。
人脑的学习可以认为是无预定模型的。或者你也可以认为是同时存在很多个可能的模型
,人脑根据具体的学习对象,adaptive地选择出一种来学习并作为决策的依据;

3. 人类的学习结果不完全是决策,还可以创造工具。比如说看到坑里可以盛住水,树
干和雨水在一块没有不良反应,一块实心的木块可以切割打磨成各种形状,于是便用看
下来的树桩做成了碗盛水喝。在联想式的创造方面,机器学习还早着呢。
http://gengwg.blogspot.com/

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