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红曲米有降低胆固醇的功效吗?



人们对红曲米的兴趣越来越浓,因为据称它有降低胆固醇的功效。由于药物控制胆固醇水平存在危及健康的副作用,很多人开始寻找天然方式作为替代疗法。那么红曲米真的有效吗?
历史记载表明,中国人早在公元400年前就开始把红曲米用于食用和医疗用途。它经常作为食品防腐剂,着色剂和调味品使用。例如,给北京烤鸭着色等。红曲米是用煮熟的大米添加红酵母发酵制作而成。中医用它促进血液循环,缓解消化不良和减轻腹泻症状。
除此之外,很多人可能还不知道这种米还有降低胆固醇的作用。这是因为在发酵过程中,红曲米会自然产生一种叫做洛弗斯塔特因(品牌名称是洛伐他汀,用于降低血液中胆固醇)的物质。这种物质可以在很多处方药中发现。尽管红曲米中的洛弗斯塔特因比一般药物含量少很多,但它仍然可以作为一种降低胆固醇的有效偏方使用。
但不幸的是,这种米在欧美国家使用也存在一些问题。首先,默克公司拥有洛伐他汀品牌专利使用权,因此生产和分销洛弗斯塔特因产品(Mevacor)是默克公司的业务。因此,含洛弗斯塔特因的红曲米在美国市场很难买到。并且很多能够买到的红曲米形式使用的是不同发酵方式,因此不会产生洛弗斯塔特因,这些米也因此没有降低胆固醇的功效。
其次,和他汀类药物控制胆固醇会导致副作用一样,红曲米也会产生一些类似药物的负面影响,如肌肉和关节疼痛,肝脏发炎,抑制身体重要酶 CoQ10发挥作用等。
因此,红曲米确实有降低胆固醇的可能,但并非是完美的解决方案。从安全角度看,药物治疗是更好的选择,因为可以在医生监控下使用。

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