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Differences and relations between VIRT and USED in output of top?

  • RES is the amount of RAM currently used by the process. This value can vary because memory pages might be swapped in or out. It might even be 0 for a process that has been sleeping for a long time, e.g. an unsolicited daemon.
  • VIRT is the full size of all memory the process is using, whether in RAM or on disk (shared objects, mmaped files, swap area) so VIRT is always larger or equal to RES. A process is always dealing with (i.e. allocating / accessing / freeing) virtual memory. It is up to the operating system to map some or all of these pages to RAM.
  • USED is less than VIRT because it doesn't include the memory that is backed by something else than swap, for example code and libraries.
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