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美联储把全球股市吓得魂飞魄散 未来买房更困难


美联储把全球股市吓得魂飞魄散 未来买房更困难
文章来源: 明镜网 于 2013-06-21 14:10:24 - 新闻取自各大新闻媒体,新闻内容并不
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  联准会(Fed)主席柏南基的量化宽松(QE)退场言论,连着两天把全球股债市场吓得
魂飞魄散,长短期利率水平也都上升。美联社报导,这代表未来买房更困难,因为房贷
将变得更为昂贵;中小企业做生意更难,因为利率提高,借款成本提高,投资人则会因
股债市场齐声下挫而尝到套牢滋味。

  过去几年来,联准会的量化宽松政策将借款利率压在史上低点,不少投资人都享受
到低利借款的好处。但近来投资人忧心宽松即将退场,使得利率开始走升。据房地美上
周公布,30年期固定房贷利率已升至3.98%,远高于5月初时的3.35%。

  房贷利率会压缩买家的购屋预算。据房贷资讯公司HSH.com副总裁葛毕格(Keith
Gumbinger)估计,30万元的房贷将因此每月多缴100元还款,30年下来则将多缴3万6000
元。

  葛毕格认为,房贷利率应不至于突然间大幅攀升,但恐怕也难以再降回先前的历史
低点。房贷利率上升恐吓退新屋需求,也使两日来营建业者的股票普遍重挫,20日包括
托尔兄弟公司(Toll Brothers)、连纳公司(Lennar)与D. R. Horton等建商,股价跌幅
都超过大盘。

  俄亥俄州CBH Homes销售与行销主管海纳(Holly Haener)说,房贷利率若持续攀升
,有些买家最终会买不起房,「他们可能得屈就坪数较小的房子,或放弃一些住房设备
来弥补较高还款」。

  理论上来说,利率上升会嘉惠存户,但Bankrate.com资深财务分析师马克白(Greg
McBride)说,手中已有大量资金的银行,应该不会急着提高存款利率。

  这几年来的低利率环境,特别不利将资金投放于储蓄帐户与定期存单(CD)等低风险
工具的存户;低利环境也使依赖固定收益资产收入的退休族过得更苦。

  信用卡利率也可望保持稳定。据信用卡比较网站Cardhub.com资深分析师柯南(John
Kiernan),今年来信用分数不佳者虽面临较高的信用卡利率,但信用良好者适用的利
率却下降,部分仍获银行提供个位数的超低利率,或甚至长期的免利息优惠。

  目前这类消费信贷与储蓄工具的利率皆与短期利率连动,而自2008年12月来,联准
会就将短期利率控制于几近于零的水平。市场预期,联准会要到2015年才会开始提高短
期利率。

  不少投资人的财富则因股债市场跳水而大幅缩水,且相较于股市,原被视为较安全
资产的债券基金,自5月初来失血更为惨重。Envision Capital总裁柯恩(Marilyn
Cohen)已开始忧心,婴儿潮世代恐因沉不住气,再次重演金融危机时卖在低点的惨痛故
事。

  利率上升也会提高企业的借款成本。短期内小企业的借款需求应会下降,但长期则
将因经济转强而恢复正常。若经济持稳扩张,大企业即使面临较高的借款成本,最终也
会因需求增加而愿意投资扩增。

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