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在 CentOS/RHEL 上查找 yum 安裝的软件的位置

编译自 | https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/yum-determining-finding-path-that-yum-package-installed-to/ 
 作者 | Cyberciti
 译者 | cyleung
我已经在 CentOS/RHEL 上安装了 htop[1] 。现在想知道软件被安装在哪个位置。有没有简单的方法能找到 yum 软件包安装的目录呢?
yum 命令[2] 是可交互的、基于 rpm 的 CentOS/RHEL 的开源软件包管理工具。它会帮助你自动地完成以下操作:
☉ 核心系统文件更新
☉ 软件包更新
☉ 安装新的软件包
☉ 删除旧的软件包
☉ 查找已安装和可用的软件包
和 yum 相似的软件包管理工具有: apt-get 命令[3] 和 apt 命令[4]
yum 安装软件包的位置
处于演示的目的,我们以下列命令安装 htop
  1. # yum install htop
要列出名为 htop 的 yum 软件包安装的文件,运行下列 rpm 命令:
  1. # rpm -q {packageNameHere}
  2. # rpm -ql htop
示例输出:
  1. /usr/bin/htop
  2. /usr/share/doc/htop-2.0.2
  3. /usr/share/doc/htop-2.0.2/AUTHORS
  4. /usr/share/doc/htop-2.0.2/COPYING
  5. /usr/share/doc/htop-2.0.2/ChangeLog
  6. /usr/share/doc/htop-2.0.2/README
  7. /usr/share/man/man1/htop.1.gz
  8. /usr/share/pixmaps/htop.png
如何使用 repoquery 命令查看由 yum 软件包安装的文件位置
首先使用 yum 命令[2] 安装 yum-utils 软件包:
  1. # yum install yum-utils
示例输出:
  1. Resolving Dependencies
  2. --> Running transaction check
  3. ---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-42.el7 will be installed
  4. --> Processing Dependency: python-kitchen for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch
  5. --> Processing Dependency: libxml2-python for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch
  6. --> Running transaction check
  7. ---> Package libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be installed
  8. ---> Package python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7 will be installed
  9. --> Finished Dependency Resolution

  10. Dependencies Resolved

  11. =======================================================================================
  12. Package           Arch      Version             Repository                       Size
  13. =======================================================================================
  14. Installing:
  15. yum-utils         noarch    1.1.31-42.el7       rhui-rhel-7-server-rhui-rpms    117 k
  16. Installing for dependencies:
  17. libxml2-python    x86_64    2.9.1-6.el7_2.3     rhui-rhel-7-server-rhui-rpms    247 k
  18. python-kitchen    noarch    1.1.1-5.el7         rhui-rhel-7-server-rhui-rpms    266 k

  19. Transaction Summary
  20. =======================================================================================
  21. Install  1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)

  22. Total download size: 630 k
  23. Installed size: 3.1 M
  24. Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
  25. Downloading packages:
  26. (1/3): python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm                    | 266 kB  00:00:00
  27. (2/3): libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64.rpm                | 247 kB  00:00:00
  28. (3/3): yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm                       | 117 kB  00:00:00
  29. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  30. Total                                                     1.0 MB/s | 630 kB  00:00
  31. Running transaction check
  32. Running transaction test
  33. Transaction test succeeded
  34. Running transaction
  35.  Installing : python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch                                   1/3
  36.  Installing : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                               2/3
  37.  Installing : yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch                                      3/3
  38.  Verifying  : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                               1/3
  39.  Verifying  : yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch                                      2/3
  40.  Verifying  : python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch                                   3/3

  41. Installed:
  42.  yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-42.el7

  43. Dependency Installed:
  44.  libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3      python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7

  45. Complete!
如何列出通过 yum 安装的命令?
现在可以使用 repoquery 命令:
  1. # repoquery --list htop
或者:
  1. # repoquery -l htop
示例输出:
使用 repoquery 命令确定 yum 包安装的路径
你也可以使用 type 命令或者 command 命令查找指定二进制文件的位置,例如 httpd或者 htop :
  1. $ type -a httpd
  2. $ type -a htop
  3. $ command -V htop
关于作者
作者是 nixCraft 的创始人,是经验丰富的系统管理员并且是 Linux 命令行脚本编程的教练。他拥有全球多行业合作的经验,客户包括 IT,教育,安防和空间研究。他的联系方式:Twitter[5]、 Facebook[6]、 Google+[7]

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