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Broadcast Domains


When a host receives a message addressed to the broadcast address, it accepts and processes the message as though the message was addressed directly to it. When a host sends a broadcast message, switches forward the message to every connected host within the same local network. For this reason, a local area network, a network with one or more Ethernet switches, is also referred to as a broadcast domain.
If too many hosts are connected to the same broadcast domain, broadcast traffic can become excessive. The number of hosts and the amount of network traffic that can be supported on the local network is limited by the capabilities of the switches used to connect them. As the network grows and more hosts are added, network traffic, including broadcast traffic, increases. To improve performance, it is often necessary to divide one local network into multiple networks, or broadcast domains, as shown in the figure. Routers are used to divide the network into multiple broadcast domains.
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