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The chmod Command

We use the chmod command to change the access mode of a file. This command comes in many flavors, but we'll be talking primarily about one of them.
chmod who=permissions filename
This gives “who” the specified permissions for a given filename.

Who

The “who” is a list of letters that specifies whom you’re going to be giving permissions to. These may be specified in any order.
LetterMeaning
  u   The user who owns the file (this means “you.”)
  g   The group the file belongs to.
  o   The other users
  a   all of the above (an abbreviation for ugo)

Permissions

Of course, the permissions are the same letters that you see in the directory listing:
  r   Permission to read the file.
  w   Permission to write (or delete) the file.
  x   Permission to execute the file, or, in the case of a directory, search it.
Note: Do not put blanks around the equal sign, or your command will not work!

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