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中国展示世界最大战机3D打印钛合金零件




http://lt.cjdby.net/thread-1634561-1-2.html
一些观察人士称,这显示歼-31战机至少有4个激光成型“眼镜式”钛合金主承力构件加
强框。   
目前,我国已经具备了使用激光成形超过12平方米的复杂钛合金构件的技术和能力,并
投入多个国产航空科研项目的原型和产品制造中。成为目前世界上唯一掌握激光成形钛
合金大型主承力构件制造并且装机工程应用的国家。   
节约90%的材料和成本   
在解决了材料变形和缺陷控制的难题后,中国生产的钛合金结构部件迅速成为中国航空
研制的一项独特优势。由于钛合金重量轻,强度高,钛合金构件在航空领域有着广泛的
应用前景。目前,先进战机上的钛合金构件所占比例已经超过20%。   
传统的钛合金零件制造主要依靠铸造和锻造。其中铸造零件易于大尺寸制造,但重量较
大且无法加工成精细的形状。锻造切削虽然精度较好,美国F-22战机的主要承力部件便
是大型铸造钛合金框。但是零件制造浪费严重,原料的95%都会被作为废料切掉,而且
锻造钛合金的尺寸受到严格的限制:3万吨大型水压机只能锻造不超过0.8平方米的零件
,即使世界上最大的8万吨水压机,锻造的零件尺寸也不能超过4.5平方米。而且这两种
技术都无法制造复杂的钛合金构件,而焊接则会遇到可怕的钛合金腐蚀现象。

激光钛合金成形技术则完全解决了这一系列难题,由于采用叠加技术,它节约了90%十
分昂贵的原材料,加之不需要制造专用的模具,原本相当于材料成本1~2倍的加工费用
现在只需要原来的10%。加工1吨重量的钛合金复杂结构件,粗略估计,传统工艺的成本
大约是2500万元,而激光3D焊接快速成型技术的成本仅130万元左右,其成本仅是传统
工艺的5%。   
更重要的是,许多复杂结构的钛合金构建可以通过3D打印的方式一体成型,不仅节省了
工时,还大大提高了材料强度。F-22的钛合金锻件如果使用中国的3D打印技术制造,在
强度相当的情况下,重量最多可以减少40%。

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