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降级美债的深远影响 zz

美债被S&P降级,虽然是预料中的事情,但是还是会对未来,对我们切身的生活,可能产生深远的影响:


(1)美元的利率有上涨的压力。Fed虽然维持很低的美元利率,但是市场会由于更大的风险而要求更高的回报。但是现实的说,美元default是一件难以想像的事情。大不了就是持续印刷更多的钞票。如果美债市场的利率走高,会有更多的钱流入债市而流出股市。


(2)美元的绝对价值会降低,也就是通货膨胀会加剧。市场以美元计价的商品价格将上涨,包括黄金和石油。


(3)美元的相对价值不一定走低。美国为了维持世界对美元的需求,会孤注一掷不惜代价的打垮欧元。下一步一定是降级西班牙和意大利,然后胁迫世界资产逃离欧洲而转入美国。事实上,如果美元利率提高,对美元的价值本身就是一个利好。所以在外汇市场上,美元应该是会走高而不会走低,但同时瑞士法郎等稳定货币会走得更高。


(4)美国的房贷利率可能走高。这是对美国房价的又一个可能的打击。再加上由于政府消减开支,人们恐惧房贷利率的减税可能被砍掉,所以买房的意愿进一步降低。现在政府可以做的一个刺激措施,就是把买房的首付从20%消减到10%。银行虽然风险增加不愿意,但是政府可以为10%的房价担保。这恐怕是现在唯一能够看到的事情。


(5)股市会长期低迷。在通货膨胀的年景里面,股市增加的速度一定是会比通胀的速度慢的。股市以黄金购买力计价的话会飞速贬值,但是绝对以美元的标价下,可能长期来看不会下降太多,甚至可能会上涨。总的趋势,股市将以长期缓慢下跌为主旋律,但是市场的波动会大大增加。


所以我能看到的未来的图景,就是股市和债市价格同时下跌,房市下跌,通货膨胀增加,美元和石油一起上涨,黄金上涨,失业率长期维持10%以上。这是一个很恐怖的图景。日本多年以前的类似的情景可以为我们提供一个借鉴,但是由于美国在世界经济中的主导地位,后果会更加严重,影响会更加深远。长期的世界萧条甚至会引起又一次的世界战争。

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