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华人科学家首次证明存在无穷多素数对


  本报讯(见习记者 邱锐)据《自然》杂志网站报道,来自美国新罕布什尔大学的
华人数学家张益唐日前证明,存在无穷多个之差小于7000万的素数对,从而在解决孪生
素数猜想这一终极数论问题的道路上前进了一大步。
  素数是指只可被1和其本身整除的数字。一般来说,两个相邻素数之间的间隔,会
随着数字大小的增加而变得越来越大。但是,孪生素数,也就是之差仅为2的相邻素数
,例如,3和5、17和19以及2003663613×2195000-1和2003663613×2195000+1却是例外。
  关于孪生素数,数学界存在一个推测:存在无穷多对孪生素数。这被认为是最古老
的开放性数学问题之一,由希腊数学家欧几里得提出。目前,多种试图证明该猜想的方
法都不甚奏效。其中,一个重要里程碑是美国圣何塞州立大学数论教授Dan Goldston及
两位同事提出,存在无穷多个之差小于16的素数对。但是,该推论尚不知如何证明。
  在最新研究中,张益唐在不依赖未经证明推论的前提下,发现存在无穷多个之差小
于7000万的素数对。
  虽然7000万貌似一个非常大的数字,但不管数字多大,有限范围的存在意味着,相
连素数之差并不是一直增长的。而且,从2到7000万的跨越,与7000万到无穷大的跨越
不可同日而语。对此,Dan Goldston评论说:“每缩小一段范围,都是在获得终极答案
的道路上踏上一个脚印。”
  据悉,张益唐于5月13日在哈佛大学展示了最新研究。

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