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CMD vs RUN.

RUN is an image build step, the state of the container after a RUN command will be committed to the docker image. A Dockerfile can have many RUN steps that layer on top of one another to build the image.
CMD is the command the container executes by default when you launch the built image. A Dockerfile can only have one CMD. The CMD can be overridden when starting a container with docker run $image $other_command.
ENTRYPOINT is also closely related to CMD and can modify the way a container starts an image.
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