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戈瑞

戈瑞(缩写符号Gy,中国大陆译作“戈瑞”,台湾译作“戈雷”;亦有译作“格雷”[1]),简称“戈”,是一个国际单位制导出单位,是物理量电离辐射能量吸收剂量的标准单位。[2]
目录

    1 定义
    2 名称来源
    3 换算
    4 使用
    5 参考文献

定义

戈瑞(符号:Gy)是用于衡量由电离辐射导致的能量吸收剂量(简称吸收剂量)的物理单位,它描述了单位质量物体吸收电离辐射能量的大小。一戈瑞﹙1 Gy﹚表示每公斤物质吸收了一焦耳的辐射能量[1]。

除此之外,戈瑞也是物理量比释动能(Kerma)的单位。

戈瑞的定义式是: \mathrm{1\, Gy = 1\,\frac{J}{kg} = 1\,\frac{m^2}{s^2}}

即: 1 戈瑞= 1 焦耳/千克

其中焦耳是能量的单位,千克是质量的单位。用国际单位制基本单位表示为“米平方每秒平方”。
名称来源

戈瑞之名来自英国物理学家、放射生物学之父路易斯·哈罗德·戈瑞。
换算

早前使用的吸收剂量单位是拉德(Rad,缩写Rd),它与戈瑞间的转换关系是:

\mathrm{1\, Gy = 10^2\, rd = 100\, rd}

1985年12月31日起,拉德在医学领域终止使用。

仅在描述X射线、伽马射线、贝塔射线的辐射剂量时,戈瑞和另一个单位西弗(Sievert,中国大陆法定译作希沃特)是等价的,因为这几种辐射的辐射权重因数都是1[3]。二者单位相同,但戈瑞在实际应用中用于描述辐射吸收剂量的大小,希沃特则描述当量剂量。
使用

戈瑞主要应用在医学领域,描述放射线疗法以及核医学中使用的辐射剂量。

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