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留尼汪

留尼汪,印度洋西部马斯克林群岛中的火山岛。法国的海外省之一,位置为20.9188°S 55.475063°E。东边约190公里是毛里求斯群岛,西边则与非洲第一大岛马达加斯加相距650公里。

留尼汪岛面积2,512平方公里,海岸线长207公里。除沿岸有狭窄平原外,均属山地和高原,岛上最高峰约三千米,是为活火山拉夫艾斯。沿岸属热带雨林气候,终年湿热;内部山地为高山气候,温和凉爽。最热月平均气温26℃,最冷月20℃。5至11月为干季,11月至次年4月为雨季。

留尼汪岛是由葡萄牙人于1513年发现,在1649年由法国统治,在岛上建立航海站,1810年由英国占领,1815年英国将该岛交还给法国,1946年法国宣布留尼汪为海外省,1848年定名为留尼汪岛,目前是法国的海外省之一,除了属于该国海外领地中的一类外,在行政区的位阶上,与法国本土的大区是同等级的。

除了留尼汪岛外,留尼汪海外省还统辖了五个岛屿︰新胡安岛、欧罗巴岛、印度礁、格洛里厄斯群岛和特罗姆林岛。前四个岛之主权与马达加斯加有争议,最后一个岛与毛里求斯有争议。

岛上人口密度很高。除了法国白人外,其余还有华人、印度人及非洲黑人,但由于法国禁止在人口普查中纪录种族分布,各族的人口并无具体统计。 法语是官方语言,少数人通晓英语。94%人信奉天主教。首府(Préfecture)是位于岛北岸的圣丹尼(Saint-Denis)。

经济以农业、渔业、旅游业为主,农业上主要种植经济作物甘蔗、香草和天竺葵等,用以生产蔗糖、天竺葵精油;后者是许多法制精油与香水的产地。工业化程度较低,制糖为主要工业。经济发展主要依靠法国援助。货币使用欧元。

留尼汪岛有小欧洲之称,是度假胜地,留尼汪最著名的就是火山,目前仍有拉夫艾斯经常爆发,而且喷出岩浆往往持续数月之久,为重要观光景点。

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