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流浪者之歌



萨拉萨蒂的《流浪者之歌》,又名《吉普赛之歌》,小提琴独奏曲中不朽的名篇。萨拉萨蒂的作品自始至终十分讲究效果和技巧,都是纯粹的小提琴作品。这一首乐曲是萨拉萨蒂所有作品中最为世人所熟悉的名作,它那回肠荡气的伤感色彩与艰涩深奥的小提琴技巧所交织出来的绚烂效果,任何人听后都会心荡神驰不已。
吉普赛民族在世界上分布广泛,但都是从不定居的流浪民族,世世代代过着清苦而又饱受歧视的生活,但这个民族活泼、乐观、能歌善舞。作者萨拉萨蒂运用十分恰当的手笔描写了这一民族性格的几个侧面,并使小提琴的旋律性与技巧性得到相当完美的结合。本曲中的管弦乐伴奏部分,也是作者亲自编配的。
全曲共分为四个部分:
第一部分:中板,C小调,4/4拍子。由强而有力的管弦乐齐奏作为开始,然后主奏小提琴奏出充满忧伤的旋律。这一部分很短,只是全曲的引子。
第二部分:缓板,由小提琴奏出新的旋律,是一种美丽的忧郁,以变奏和反复做技巧性极强的发展,轻巧的泛音和华丽的左手拨弦显示出这一主题的丰富内涵。在这部分,管弦乐并不太明显,始终是以小提琴的轻柔旋律为主题。
第三部分:稍为缓慢的缓板,2/4拍子。小提琴装上弱音器,"极有表情地"奏出充满感伤情调的旋律,悲伤的情绪达到极点。这一旋律广为人知。
第四部分:2/4拍子,急变为极快的快板, 有与第二、三部分形成明显对比的豪迈性,反映出吉普赛民族性格的另一面--能歌善舞。以管弦乐的强奏作为先导,小提琴演奏出十分欢快的旋律,右手的快速拨奏与高音区的滑奏无比欢愉;这一旋律告一段落后,又用小提琴的拨奏开始新的旋律,接着是由十六分音符的断奏所构成的像游丝般的旋律,充满舞蹈气氛;然后以更具技巧性的拨奏再现第四部分的最初部分,逐渐朝气蓬勃地趋于高潮,最后像闪电般结束乐曲。
作者简介:
帕布罗·德·萨拉萨蒂 (Pablo de Sarasate,1844~1908),西班牙小提琴家、作曲家。幼年时即学习小提琴,八岁登台演奏。1856年入巴黎音乐学院深造,毕业后在欧美各地巡回演出并大受欢迎。其演奏技艺精湛,音色甜美纯净,因而它被后人称为“帕格尼尼再世”。与他同一时代的著名作曲家如布鲁赫、圣-桑、维尼亚夫斯基、德沃夏克等人都曾创作小提琴作品题献给他。
一生中创作了大量的小提琴独奏曲和协奏曲,大大丰富了小提琴的表现力。代表作品为小提琴独奏曲《流浪者之歌》(又名《吉普赛之歌》)、《卡门主题幻想曲》、《阿拉贡霍塔》等。

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