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Explain how ping works.

The Packet Internet Groper (ping) utility on the host machine sends data-grams, or packets,
addressed to the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the target host using the Internet Control
Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request command. If the specified host is operational, it will
respond using the ICMP echo reply. The ping utility will then display statistics about the number of
lost packets and the amount of time it takes for the response to return from the target host. This
utility only verifies that the bottom two layers, Network Interface Layer and Internet Layer, of the
TCP/IP stack on the target machine are operational.
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