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首次公开募股

首次公开募股(Initial Public Offerings,简称IPO),是指企业透过证券交易所首次公开向投资者增发股票,以期募集用于企业发展资金的过程。当大量投资者认购新股时,需要以抽签形式分配股票,又称为抽新股,认购的投资者期望可以用高于认购价的价格售出。

对应于一级市场,大部分公开发行股票由投资银行集团承销而进入市场,银行按照一定的折扣价从发行方购买到自己的账户,然后以约定的价格出售,公开发行的准备费用较高,私募可以在某种程度上部分规避此类费用。

这个现象在1990年代末的美国发起,当时美国正经历科技网络类股泡沫化。创办人会以独立资本成立公司,并希望在牛市期间透过IPO来集资。由于投资者认为这些公司有机会成为“微软第二”,股价在它们上市的初期通常都会上扬,不少创办人都在一夜间成了百万富翁。而受惠于认股权,雇员也赚取了可观的收入。在美国,大部分透过IPO集资的股票都会在纳斯达克市场内交易。

很多亚洲国家的公司都会透过类似的方法来筹措资金,以发展公司业务。
目录
 [隐藏]

    1 美国IPO一般过程
    2 各参与者在上市工作中的角色
    3 参看
    4 外部链接

[编辑] 美国IPO一般过程

    建立IPO团队
        CEO, CFO,
        CPA (SEC counsel)
        律师
    挑选承销商
    尽职调查
    初步申请
    路演和定价

[编辑] 各参与者在上市工作中的角色
参与者     主要工作
公司及其董事     准备及修订盈利和现金流量预测、批准招股书、签署承销协议、法人说明会(Road Show 路演)
保荐人     安排时间表、协调顾问工作、准备招股书草稿和上市申请、建议股票定价
申报会计师     完成审计业务、准备会计师报告、复核盈利及营运资金预测
物业评估师     完成公司不动产净值调查及物业评估报告
公司律师     安排公司重组、复核相关法律确认书、确定承销协议
保荐人律师     考虑公司组织结构、审核招股书、编制承销协议
证券交易所     审核上市申请和招股说明书、举行听证会
股票过户登记处     拟制股票和还款支票、大量印制股票
印刷者和翻译者     起草和翻译上市材料、大量印刷上市文件

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