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理财第五篇:401K和ROTH 401K-


趁着大早,再来码几行字,然后白天好好工作。

今天这一讲,给大家说说401K和ROTH 401K的区别。前几天马甲和爱丽都问了这个问题
,所以还是有必要单独拿出来说一说。

ROTH 401K是这两年新出来的一种退休金,跟传统的401K的差别就在于:传统的401K是
扣税前的钱,以后退休取钱时交税,而ROTH 401K是扣税后的钱,以后退休时不要交税
,其实跟ROTH IRA蛮像的。这两种401K,都可以扣15,500,但实际上ROTH IRA是扣了更
多的钱,如果你的税率是15%的话,则相当于扣了税前的18,235,如果你的税率是25%的
话,则相当于扣了税前的20,667。因为我要比较的是401K与ROTH 401K哪样更合适的问
题,所以我们先假设都只扣税前的15,500,你的税率是15%的话,这样ROTH 401K就相当
于只能投税后的13,175了。

然后我们假设现在的税率是15%,投资每年的回报率是10%,每年都存,存满30年,30年
后你的税率还是15%的话,那么你的401K到时就成了2,549,657, 扣完15%的税后,你还
可以拿到2,167,209, 而ROTH IRA由于每年净投了13,175,则变成2,167,209,因为不要
扣税,所以你还可以拿到2,167,209。所以,如果现在的税率等于将来的税率的话,投
哪个都无所谓。

有意思的就是如果现在和将来的税率不相等的情况了。如果现在的税率是25%, 将来的
税率是15%,还是投30年,每年涨10%的话。那么30年后,你的401K将有2,549,657, 交
完15%的税后,还剩2,167,209。而ROTH IRA由于每年净投了11,625, 则变成1,912,243
,因为不要扣税,所以你还可以拿到1,912,243。所以如果现在的税率大于将来的税率
的话,则投普通的401K比较好。

如果现在的税率是15%, 将来的税率是25%,还是投30年,每年涨10%的话。那么30年后
,你的401K将有2,549,657, 交完25%的税后,还剩1,912,243。而ROTH IRA由于每年净
投了13,175, 则变成2,167,209,因为不要扣税,所以你还可以拿到2,167,209。所以如
果现在的税率小于将来的税率的话,则投ROTH 401K比较好。

当然,这是个简单的比较,现实情况是由于ROTH 401K可以投税后的15,500,那么30年
后的总数则要跟现在的税率相关。

这个问题用文字来表述比较繁琐,用EXCEL来讲解,一目了然。所以我也给大家准备了
EXCEL SPREADSHEETS,请大家自己看。也可以自己改那些关键数据如税率和回报率,就
可以看到不同的差别了。我会请爱丽帮我在跟贴里贴上我做的EXCEL FILE。

另外,今天的讲解同样适用于401K与ROTH IRA的比较,你可以考虑哪种退休金更适合你
自己。当然ROTH IRA目前应该是每年只能投5000的。

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