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股息的意义

股息的意义,取决于各方参与者如何看待公司。

大股东若能利用留存利润进行并购、再投资或其他经营活动,并能从这些活动中获得比税后股息更大的利益,则股息对其没有太多意义,且到手后的股息又会面临何处再投资的麻烦。

管理层若能利用留存利润扩大公司的规模、并依此增加自己的薪酬,那么也会倾向于不派息。

当然,台面上的理由一般都会是:“如果没有足够的留存利润扩大再生产,将会削弱公司在行业中的地位和长期竞争优势”。

小股东若相信公司——其实是相信大股东、相信管理层,并且对公司留存利润扩大再生产的前景非常有把握,那么倾向于不派息,因为长远看,增加的价值会在股价 上反应出来,毕竟派息对于小股东而言是一种非常低效、且有折损的价值实现方式。如果对大股东、管理层的品行,对公司扩大再生产的前景没那么有把握,则会倾 向于多派息。

许多人简单定义的“派息与否取决于留存的1美元是否能产生多于1美元的价值”,很大程度上是过于理想化或无法证实的,将大股东、管理层、小股东的利益事先看成一致的了。

对于广大的中小投资者来说,“有罪假定”比“无罪假定”会带来更多的保护,所以,对于长年不派息,管理层薪酬大幅增加、大股东频繁发起关联并购的,小股东分析的出发点应该是“有罪假定”,应该付出巨大的努力来试图推翻这个指控。

对于长年不派息,公司处于高速成长阶段的公司,除了上述考虑之外,另一个考虑则是“成长塌陷”或“庞氏骗局”的可能。

派息还是不派息,派息几何,是大股东和管理层制定的政策,要假设他们的屁股转化为中小投资者的脑袋进行考虑,一般情况下是不现实的,所以中小投资者多大程度上注重派息,其实也是多大程度上对自身在资本市场食物链上劣势地位的一种考虑。

一般来讲,成长型投资者对于这些风险或劣势考虑得很少,而价值型投资者则会考虑得多一些。

好比下面两者,成长型投资者很可能会选择B,而价值型投资者会配置A,对B虽有兴趣,但会十二分的警惕。

公司A(长年):
 
股息率:10% / 10% / 10% / 10%  / 10% / ...
ROE:平均6%-12%
市盈率:5PE
无股权融资,派息后股东权益仍持续增加。

公司B(长年):
股息率: 0  / ...
ROE: 20% / 25% / 30% / 35% / 40%
市盈率:15PE
不断有股权融资,股东权益快速膨胀。

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